With the fall of the Assad regime, Syria has lost access to the approximately 80,000 b/d of Iranian crude on which its battered refineries relied to fuel the domestic market (see chart 1). Tehran halted the supplies as soon as Islamist rebels toppled the Assad regime (MEES, 13 December 2024), and now the new Syrian government is grappling with the specter of chronic fuel shortages as stocks dwindle.